What is a computer peripheral, and why is it important?

A computer peripheral, also known as a peripheral device, is an external device that connects to a computer to expand its capabilities. Peripheral devices are not essential to the functioning of a computer, but they enhance its functionality. These devices can be input devices, output devices, or both. Examples of input devices include a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and microphone, while output devices include a printer, speaker, and display. Other peripherals include storage devices such as external hard drives and flash drives, and networking devices such as routers and modems.